Satyajit Ray (Bangla:সত�যজিত�� রায়) (May 2 1921 - April 23 1992) was an Academy Award winning Indian film director whose films are peradventure a greatest testament to Bengali and Indian cinema. He is mostly known for his Apu trilogy - the films Pather Panchali (Song of the Road), Aparajito (The Unconquered), & Apur Sansar (The World of Apu). - but has the big collection of works that come acclaimed among the world screenland, virtually all notably per likes of Akira Kurosawa, Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg. He has been known as one of a tetrad greatest director/producers of cinema in the world, & Kurosawa famously said of Ray:

"Not to have seen the cinema of Ray means existing in the world without seeing the sun or the moon."

Life
Satyajit Ray was innate into the comparatively affluent & extremely influential Brahmo family in Kolkata. His father Sukumar Ray was one of the leading Bengali writers, in the vein of Lewis Carrol and Edward Lear, and his granddaddy Upendrakishore Ray (Ray Chowdhuri) was a renaissance human by owning numbers of interests ranging from either writing to typography. Also, Ray was easily-knowing, attending a Presidency College, Kolkata and also at a Vishwabharati (Santiniketan) established by Rabindranath Tagore. Thenceforth, he spent numbers of years as the layout creative person inside the publishing home (Signet Click) & worked by using a supposed advertising professional (D.J.Keemer). Divine per novel Pather Panchali by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay, he decided to adapt it into a film & shoot it in location utilizing friends when actors, putting higher a initial funding himself.

Creative Career
Around 1949, prior to he decided to produce films, Ray met a dandy French director Jean Renoir who visited Calcutta to scout locations for his film The River (1950). Renoir encouraged Ray to produce films & this was section of the motivation that led to the making of Pather Panchali.

Partway across filming he ran away from funds; the food and drug administration of West Bengal loaned him a rest, allowing for him to finish the film. A film was successful each artistically & commercially, winning congratulations at a 1955 Cannes film festival and heralded a fresh era in the Indian screenland. When the Cannes screening, François Truffaut, is reported to have said: “I don’t obviously understand the picture show of peasants eating by owning their paws.�

Virtually all of Ray's operate seems to have been influenced per Italian Neorealist movement inside Italian post-war cinema. In point of fact, a of these film which moved Ray a virtually all prior to he began scripting Pather Panchali was Italian Neorealist film-maker Vittorio De Sica’s Bicycle Thief, which he reportedly saw 55 times. Both of a actors from either the Apu Trilogy, Soumitra Chatterjee and Sharmila Tagore (the swell-grandaughter of Rabindranath Tagore) would appear around the total of his more films.

Ray's operate tends to become two naturalistic & subdued; his early operate is feel for & near; his late operate, spell extra political, is as well at days misanthropical, however however infused by using his average humour. Ray's foremost film outside of the Apu trilogy was the funny Paras Pathar/''The Philosopher's Stone, around 1958. It was presently followed by Jalsaghar/The Music Room, which generated critical praise in the U.S. & Europe.

When a Apu trilogy was completed, it was followed by a originative time period that won Ray continued plaudit home & internationally - many of his virtually all popular films (Charulata, Mahanagar/The Heavy City, Devi, and Teen Kanya/Three Girl'') were processed at this period. Within 1962, Ray directed Kanchenjungha, which was his first original screenplay & colour film. Kanchenjungha is notable when one of a pack films to become shot straight off. Beginning by owning Kanchenjungha, Ray besides took across responsibility for musical composition inside his films.

Later Projects
More luminary works within Ray's career include Nayak (1965), Goopy Gayen Bagha Bayen/The Dangerous undertaking Of Goopy & Bagha, the kids's film from either 1969 featuring Ray's have songs (& according to Upendrakishore Ray's stories), and 1970's Aranyer Dinratri/Days & Nights In the outdoors. When you took a Seventies Ray completed a Calcutta trilogy: Seemabaddha/Company Limited, Pratidwani/The Resister & Jana Aranya/The Middleman, deuce-ace films which were conceived seperately, however whose thematic modems form the free trilogy. Both generated farther plaudits, sustaining Jana Aranya winning additional awards.

Inside 1977, Ray completed Shatranj Ke Khiladi/The Chess Players, an Urdu/Hindi movie about chess players of Lucknow. This movie star Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Amjad Khan, Shabana Azmi, Victor Bannerjee and Richard Attenborough. Apart from either the late short film around Hindi, Sadgati, starring Om Puri and the late Smita Patil, this was his only feature around the language differently Bengali. Each these films were according to original stories by Munshi Premchand, the giant of Hindi literature.

Literary Adaptations
Though virtually all of the Bengali stories filmed come too written by him, he has as well adapted the total of books by notable authors into films: Kapurush and Mahanagar (Premendra Mitra), Mahapurush and Paras Pathar (Parashuram), Chiriyakhana (Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay), Tagore's Charulata, Teen Konya, Ghare Baire, Shankar's Jana Aranya, and Sunil Gangopadhyay's Aranyer Dinratri. He got likewise adapted Henrik Ibsen's An Enemy of the People in his film Ganashatru.

Unfilmed
Around 1967, Ray wrote the script for the picture to become entitled "The Alien," sustaining Columbia Pictures when producer for this plotted US/India co-production, & Peter Sellers & Marlon Brando when a leading actors. Notwithstanding Ray was surprised to buy that a script he got co-written experienced already been copyrighted & a fee seized. Marlon Brando dropped away from a design & though an attempt was mass produced to bring James Coburn within his place, Ray became enlightened & returned to Calcutta. Columbia expressed interest inside reviving a task many days in the 70s & 80s however nothing come of it. While E.T. was released in 1982, many saw striking similarities in the movie to Ray's earlier script - Ray discussed the collapse of the project in a 1980 Sight & Sound feature, with further details revealed by Ray's biographer Andrew Robinson (in The Inner Eye, 1989). Ray believed that Spielberg's picture "would not have been possible without my script of The Alien being available throughout America in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied this by saying "I was a kid in High School when this script was circulating in Hollywood".

Other Accomplishments
Around 1985, Ray won a Dadasaheb Phalke Award for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. He received a Academy's Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992, one of only two Oscar winners from India. He was as well awarded a Bharat Ratna in 1992. He got likewise found a Legion of Honor from the hand of the French president around Kolkata. The plan to restore completely of Ray's films was launched within a early Nineties, using several people in India & the United States participating (including noted filmmakers Martin Scorsese, James Ivory and Ismail Merchant). The histrionics retrospective of the restored films toured internationally in the Nineties, giving click & fresh audiences.

Satyajit Ray was besides the prolific writer within Bengali. Arguably his best known written works were a effort of Feluda, a Bengali detective, & Professor Shanku, a man of science. Virtually all of his writings use at present been translated into English, & come sorting through an avid 2nd generation of readers. Ray wrote his autobiography encompassing his childhood years, Jakhtan Choto Chilam (1982) & essays in film: Our Films, Their Films (1976), along with Bishoy Chalachchitra (1976), Ekei Bole Shooting (1979). Virtually all of his novels & stories own been published when books by Ananda Publishing, Calcutta and most of the screenplays come published inside Bengali in the Eksan Journal. When you took a mid-1990s, Ray's film essays & an anthology of short stories experienced besides been published in the West.

Trivia

Sikkim (film) - the docudrama was accredited per King of Sikkim when he saw the sovereignity of Sikkim under threat from either China and India. Satyajit Ray's docudrama captures exactly that - a sovereignity of Sikkim. When a Indian annexation of Sikkim in 1975, the documentary film film was banned per Indian government, & entirely existent copies of the documentary ruined. A just piece of the film left occurs as scene-by-scene written reconstruction of the film per odd film team members. Nonetheless, hearsay flame of a copy of the film existence present by using the royal line within exile, & a second copy in the film library of an Our contries university. when the postscript, India & China agreed to reciprocally recognize Sikkim & Tibet as legal area of the more united states, a sad story for the South Asian diversity which this film projected.

Filmography

Pather Panchali (1955) Aparajito (1957) Parash Pathar (1958) Jalsaghar (1958) The World of Apu / Apur Sansar (1959) Devi / The Goddess (1960) Teen Kanya (1961) Rabindranath Tagore (1961) Kanchenjungha (1962) Abhijan (1962) Mahanagar (1963) Charulata (1964) Kapurush (1965) Mahapurush (1966) Nayak (1966) Chiriyakhana (1967) Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1969) Aranyer Din Ratri / Days and Nights in the Forest (1970) Pratidwandi (1971) Seemabaddha (1971) Sikkim (1971) The Inner Eye (1972) Ashani Sanket (1973) Sonar Kella (1974) Jana Aranya (1976) Bala (1976) Shatranj Ke Khiladi (1977) Joi Baba Felunath (1978) Hirok Rajar Deshe (198]) Ghare Baire/ The Home and the World (1984) Sukumar Ray (1987) Ganashatru (1989) Shakha Proshakha (1990) Agantuk (1991)